海安市2022屆高三期初學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測試卷英語第一部分：聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題25分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThereisabitofconfusionwhenitcomestowhethereatingwhiledrivingisallowedinAustraliaasitiskindofalegalgrayareainmoststates.Whiletherearenospecificroadrulesthatbaneatingbehindthewheel,driversmightaswellnoteatontheroadtoavoidbeingheavilyfined.NEWSOUTHWALESIfthepolicecatchyoueatingwhiledrivinginNewSouthWales,theycanbookyoufordrivingwithoutpropercontrolofthevehicle.Thiscomeswitha$448fineandthreedemeritpointsandthatrisestoa$561fineandfourdemeritpointsiftheoffenceiscommittedinaschoolzone.AUSTRALINACAPITALTERRITORYNotpullingovertoeatcanalsolandyouinhotwaterintheACT.MuchlikeNSW,driverscanbechargedwithdrivingwithoutpropercontroloftheircar,whichcomeswitha$292fine.Driverscanalsobegivena$385fineandthreedemeritpointsiftheirdistractionresultsinacrash.VICTORIAInVictoria,youcouldbeforcedtopaya$387finealongwithrackingupthreedemeritpointsifthepolicecatchyouhavingamealontheroad.SOUTHAUSTRALIAWhilethelawinSouthAustraliadoesn’tspecificallystatethateatingwhiledrivingisillegal,theSADriver’sHandbookdoesnameeatingasacommondistraction.Drivingwithouthavingpropercontrolofthevehiclecouldcostyou$184andsixdemeritpointsinSouthAustralia.NORTHERNTERRITORYIfthepolicecatchadrivereatingontheroadintheNorthernTerritory,theymaychargehimwith“drivinginadangerousmanner”.Thismeansthedrivercouldgeta$500fineandthreedemeritpoints.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencesuggest?,A.Itisnotaneasyjobtobaneatingwhiledrivinginthestate.B.Eatingbehindthewheelcancausethedriverlotsoftrouble.C.Itisimportanttoeducatedriverstobeawareofdrivingsafety.D.Itiscommonthatmanydriversinthestateeatwhiledriving.2.HowmuchwilladrivercaughteatingwhiledrivinginaschoolzoneinNSWbefined?A.$385.B.$387.C.$448.D.$561.3.Wherewilladriverbefinedmostifcaughteatingbehindthewheel?A.IntheNorthernTerritory.B.InVictoria.C.InSouthAustraliaD.IntheAustralianCapitalTerritory.BBenjaminFranklinsaidthatyouwantsomethingdone,askabusyperson.“That’showMannyAbreupractices.ThroughouthisfouryearsatKellenbergMemorialHighSchoolintheUS,Abreumadecommunityserviceanimportantpartofhislife.“Idon’tknowwherehefindsthetimetodoeverything,”saidErinRonan,Abreu’smathteacher.“He’strulyaclassact.”Asanhonorsstudent,Abreu,18,100partindifferentvoluntaryactivitiesafterschool,duringweekendsandsummerholidays.Theseincludedhelpingstaffatthepubliclibrary,doinglandscapeworkatKellenbergandservingcustomersatalocalrestaurant.Butfacedwithalimitednumberofhoursinaday,Abreulefthislibraryjoblastsummertostartworkingasanemergencymedicaltechnician-arolethatfitshispassionformakingadifferenceinotherpeople’slives.“Myappreciationforservicehasguidedmeintogivingback,”saidAbreu,whoissettinghissightsonbecomingadoctor.“It’ssucharewardingfeelingtohelpsomeone.”Duringhisyearsathighschool,Abreudevotedbetween40and50hoursofhistimeeachyeartovolunteerwork—morethandoubletheschool’sannualrequirementof20hours.Forallhishardwork,Abreuwaswelcomedintoaleadershipclubthatorganizesfellowstudents’volunteeractivities.StMartindePorresMarianistSchool(Kellenberg’ssisterschool)alsobenefitedfromAbreu’sdevotion.Throughhisschool’sSmartClubprogram,hevoluntarilyprovidedhomeworkhelpandplayedgameswiththejuniorhighschoolstudents.Abreuthankedhisparentsforinspiringhimtodotherightthing,sayingtheyare“themostselflesspeopleIknow”.Herememberedwhenhewasabout6yearsold,andhismotherinvitedadisadvantagedneighborhoodboytohavedinner.Uponobservingtheboy’shappinessAbreucame,awaywithasenseofhowhewantedtolivehisownlife—“Iwon’tfocusonmyowndesires.I’llhelpasmanypeopleasIcan,”hesaid.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutMannyAbreu?A.Healwaysvolunteeredtohelpothers.B.HefollowedBenjaminFranklin’sexample.C.Hedidapooracademicperformanceinmath.D.Hefellbehindothersbecauseofafter-schoolactivities.5.ForwhatreasondidAbreuwanttoworkasamedicaltechnician?A.Becausehehadnotimetotryotherdifferentjobs.B.Becausehelackedinterestofdoinganyotherjob.C.Becausehewishedtoimprovethelivesofothers.D.Becauseheobtainedthesatisfactionofbeingpraised.6.WhatdidAbreugetfromhishardwork?A.Hewasoutstandingasaleaderathisschool.B.Itgavehimasenseofself-worthtohelpothers.C.Hegotachancetoattendmedicalschoolforfree.D.Hisfamilybecamepopularamongtheirneighbors.7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Thereisamustforeveryonetodovoluntaryjobs.B.ThesenseofachievementisAbreu’smajordesire.C.Abreu’sparentshadapositiveeffectonhisgrowth.D.Abreu’sbehaviorimpactedthepoorneighborhoodboy.CMorereasonstohatehumidity:itexpandsglobalwarming,aprofsays.AndrewDessler,aprofessorintheDepartmentofAtmosphericScienceswhospecializesinresearchonclimate,saysthatwarmingduetoincreasesingreenhousegaseswillleadtohigherhumidityintheatmosphere.Andbecausewatervaporitselfisagreenhousegas,thiswillcauseadditionalwarming.Thisprocessisknownaswatervaporfeedbackandisresponsibleforasignificantportionofthewarmingpredictedtooccuroverthenextcentury.“It’saviciouscycle-warmertemperaturesmeanhigherhumidity,whichinturnleadstoeven,morewarming,”Desslerexplains.TheperspectivebyDesslerandco-authorStevenSherwoodoftheClimateChangeResearchCentreattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesispublishedinthecurrentissueofSciencemagazine.Inthearticle,theyreviewandsummarizethepeer-reviewedevidenceinsupportofastrongwatervaporfeedbackandconcludethattheevidencesupportingitisoverwhelming.“Foryears,therewasadebateoverthismechanism,withsomeevenquestioningifthewatervaporfeedbackexistedatall.Butrecentworkonthisfeedbackhasmoveditsexistenceandstrengthbeyondargument,”Dessleradds.Predictionsofsignificantglobalwarmingoverthenext100yearsbyclimatemodelsrequireastrongwatervaporfeedback.Recentestimatessuggesttheearthwillwarmfrom2to4degreesCelsius(4to8degreesFahrenheit)overthenextcentury—ascenariothatcouldhavedevastatinglong-termconsequences.“Everythingshowsthattheclimatemodelsareprobablygettingthewatervaporfeedbacknight,whichmeansthatunlesswereduceemissions,itisgoingtogetmuch,muchwarmeronourplanetbytheendofthecentury,”headds.Manyscientistsbelievesuchwarmingratesarealreadyhappening.Theycanpointtothesummerof2003,whenaprolongedheatwavegrippedEurope.AccordingtotheEarthPolicyInstitute,morethan35,000peoplediedthatsummer,withFrancerecordingover14,000deathsandGermanymorethan7,000.Additionally,warmertemperaturesarehavinganadverseeffectintheArctic,whererapidlossoficeisnowoccurring.“Theonlypossiblewayfuturewarmingwon’tbesignificantisifthereexistssomesortofoff-settingnegativefeedback,whichhasyettobediscovered,”Desslernotes.“Mostscientists,myselfincluded,judgethattobeaprettyunlikelypossibility.”8.Whatdoeswatervaporfeedbackinthepassagemean?A.Watervaporwilllendtoasignificantportionofthewarming.B.Theincreasesofgreenhousegaseswillleadtohigherhumidity.C.Increasinghumidityfromglobalwarmingismakingtheearthwarmer.D.Higherhumidityhascausedtheearthtowarmfrom2to4degreesCelsius.9.What’sthemainideaofParagraph4?A.Scientistshadaheatedargumentoverthewatervaporfeedback.B.Theexistenceandstrengthofwatervaporfeedbackiswithoutquestion.CAndrewDesslerwroteanarticletosupporthisideaofwatervaporfeedback.,D.Therewasnosignificantevidencefortheexistenceofwatervaporfeedback.10.Whatdopredictionsofsignificantglobalwarmingtellus?A.Scientistscouldfindtheoffsettingnegativefeedbackinthefuture.B.Thereexistssomesortoffsettingnegativewatervaporfeedback.C.Thewarmingoftheearthwillhavedestructiveshort-termconsequences.D.Wemaydecreasethespeedofglobalwarmingbyreducingtheemissions.11.What’stheattitudeofAndrewDesslertowardsthewayofsolvingfuturewarming?A.Positive.B.Supportive.C.Neutral.D.Pessimistic.DThescientistsplacedunderwaterspeakersinareaswherecoralhadbeendyinginAustralia’snorthernGreatBarrierReef.Theyplayedcertainsoundsoveraperiodofabout6weeksandstudiedtheresults.Theteamreportedthattwiceasmanyfisharrivedinareaswherethesoundsofhealthycoralwereplayed.Amongthearrivingfishwerespeciesthatfeedonallmajorfoodsources.Theresearchersnotedtheimportanceofhavingmanydifferentkindsoffishreturntothearea.Differentspeciesoffishperformmanyactivitiesthatsupporttheoceanenvironmentandsealife.“Damagedreefshaveahigherchanceofrecoveryiftheyhavehealthyfishpopulation,”thescientistswroteinthereport.SteveSimpsonsaidthat“healthycoralreefsareremarkablynoisyplaces.”Theycontainthesoundsofmanykindsofshrimp,fishandotherseacreatures.Youngfishlistenforthesesoundswhentheyarelookingforaplacetosettle.Headdedthatreefs“becomeghostlyquiet”whentheysufferdestructionthatisusuallyrelatedtohuman-causedpollution.Coraldamagecancauseunappealingsmellsandsoundsthatdriveshrimpandfishaway.MarkMeekanisafishbiologist.Hesaidthatthereturnofthesefishisthefirststeptoseeingmajorimprovementsinreefhealth.“Recoveryisunderpinnedbyfishthatcleanthereefandcreatespaceforcoralstoregrow,”hesaid.TimGordonsayshebelievessoundcanbeusedtobringbackdeadcoralinareassufferingmajordestructioninoceansacrosstheworld.UniversityofBristolprofessorAndyRadfordsaidtheunderwatersoundsareapromisingwaytofightcoralreefdamageatthelocalcommunitylevel.Buthenotedthatotherthreatsneedtobereducedaswell.Theseincludeclimatechange,pollutionandoverfishing.Fromlocalmanagementinnovations,tointernationalpoliticalaction,weneedmeaningfulprogressatalllevelstopaintabetterfutureforreefsworldwide.12.Whydidresearchersattractfishbyplayingsoundsunderwater?A.Tostudythepopulationoffish.B.Tocatchfishasmajorfoodsources.C.Torecoverdamagedreefsnaturally.D.Torecordthesoundsofhealthycorals.13.HowdidSteveexplainthecoralreefs?A.Bypresentingtheresearchresults.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bylistingsomespecificdata.D.Bygivingsomeexamples.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“underpinned”inPara.4mean?A.Destroyed.B.Affected.C.Supported.D.Attacked.15.WhatdoesProfessorAndystress?A.Reefneedsprotectionatalllevels.B.Climatechangeismoreseriousthanreefdamage.C.Overfishingthreatensworldcoralreef.D.Pollutionneedsinternationalpoliticalaction.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。StepstowriteagoodessayIfyouaskmanypeople,theywillprobablysaythatwritingaresearchpaperischallenging.Indeed,itrequirescarefulresearch,___16___ChooseyourtopicanddotheresearchChooseatopicthatyouareinterestedinoratopicyouarecuriousabout.___17___Forhelpfulandreliableinformation,thelibraryisthebestresource.Usebooks,publishedarticles,journals,newspapersandmagazinestoresearchyourchosentopic.___18___Afterin-depthresearch,youcangoontowriteanoutline.Withallthenotesandalltheinformationyou'vegathered,determinewhereeachtopicfits.Simplynotewhichpartswillbethebeginning,middleandend.Theoutlineiswhereyourresearchpaperstartstotakeshape.Writeafirstdraft,Aftertheoutline,beginthefirstdraft.___19___Sopeoplecanreaditandactuallyunderstandit.Youcandomoreresearchifyoufeellikeyou'relackinginformation.Thisisonlythefirstdraft,soyoucanstillmakechangesasyougoon.ProofreadandwriteyourfinalpaperOnceyourereadyourfirstdraftoverandoverandmakethenecessarychangesyoufeelyoushouldmake,itistimetowriteyourfinaldraft.___20___Andbesurethatyourwritingmakessenseandhasasteadyandnaturalflowallthroughout.Checkthespellingandgrammaticalmistakes,andthateverysourceyouusedislistedinthepaper'sbibliography.Readthefinalversionasmanytimesasyouwantandevenaskafriendorprofessortoreadittoo.A.MakeanoutlineB.WritedownthepropernotesC.ifyouwanttowriteagoodresearchpaper.D.Makesurethatalltheimportantinformationisincluded.E.Itwillencourageyoutodothenecessaryresearchonit.F.Thisisthepartwhereyouputmoredetailandlifeintothepaper.G.butaresearchpaperreallyjustneedsafewbasictipsforittobelesschallenging.第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Atinybitofkindnesscanmakeahugedifference.Afewweeksago,EhabTahawasonasubwayinVancouverwhenalargeman____21____.Heseemedangry,andhismovementswerefarfromnormal.Tahanotedallthepassengersonthetrainseemed____22____andweremovingawayfromhim.“Thelargemanwasbeing____23____onthetrain.Hewascursingand____24____,obviouslysufferingfromdrugabuseand/ormentalhealthissues,”TahadescribedonFacebook“Whileeveryonewasscared,a70-year-oldwoman,insteadof____25____,reachedouttotheman.”Thesweet____26____comfortedtheman.Eventuallyhesanktothefloorofthetrain,____27____,andtearsfloodedhiseyes.Tahacapturedanimageofthewomanandtheotherpassenger____28____handsandposteditonFacebook.,“Itwasquiteincrediblebowsoonhe____29____,”TahawroteonFacebook“I’llwasbemosttouchingthingI’veeverseen.Ispoketothewomanafterhisincidentandshesimplysaid,‘I’mamotheranditwaswhathe_____30_____atthatmoment.’Andshestartedtocry.”“Shewasvery_____31_____,Tahasaid“Sheevenmentionedthatshethoughtaboutwhatwouldhappenifhe_____32_____herwiththepen—becausehehadoneinhishand—butshesaiditwasmoreimportantthathedidn’tfeel_____33_____.”Whenthemanarrivedathisstop,hegotupandsaid“Thanks,Grandma”beforegettingoff.“Isawthemostincredibledisplayofhumanitytothetrain,”Tahasaid.“It’sincredibletoseethatsometimeshuman_____34_____candosomuchmorethananythingelse.Don’tfearorjudgethe_____35_____onthesubway:Lifedoesnotprovideequalwelfareforallisresidents.”21.A.participatedB.respondedC.boardedD.escaped22.A.movedB.scaredC.embarrassedD.aroused23.A.aggressiveB.competitiveC.enthusiasticD.greedy24.A.shoutingB.ensuringC.weepingD.arguing25.A.givinginB.settingdownC.turningawayD.takingover26.A.gestureB.coincidenceC.harmonyD.voice27.A.innocentB.delightedC.concernedD.relaxed28.A.fetchingB.holdingC.allocatingD.raising29.A.camebackB.brokeoutC.gotthroughD.calmeddown30.A.opposedB.forgotC.neededD.ignored31.A.humorousB.braveC.independentD.energetic32.A.advocatedB.addressedC.rewardedD.attacked33.A.aloneB.guiltyC.unbearableD.absurd34.A.sightB.smellC.touchD.taste35.A.residentsB.specialistsC.beggarsD.strangers第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Airpollutionisnodoubtamajorconcerninmanybigcitiesacrosstheworld.Morethan80%of,peoplelivinginurbanareas____36____(expose)tounsafeair,accordingtoareport____37____(deliver)bytheWorldHealthOrganization.“Urbanairpollutioncontinuestoriseat____38____alarmingrate,doinggreathamtohumanhealth,”saidDr.MariaNeira,thedirectorofPublicHealthandEnvironmentalPolicyattheWHO.“Atthesametime,____39____(aware)isrisingandmorecitiesaremonitoringtheirairquality.”Inthepasttwoyears,thenumberofcitiesmonitoringairpollution____40____(double)-nowcoveringabout3,000citiesin103countries.TheWHOwarnedoftheseriouseffectspoorairqualitycouldhave____41____thehealthofurbanresidents,____42____(link)ittotheriskofstrokes,heartdisease,lungcancerandmanyotherdiseases.Thereportalsoshowedthatlow-andmiddleincomecountries____43____(general)havepoorerairquality.About98%ofcitieswith100,000ormorepeopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesdonotmeetWHOairqualityguidelines,____44____56%inhigh-incomecountriesfailtomeetthestandard.Thereportalsourgedlocalgovernmentstotakestrongerand_____45_____(effect)measurestofightagainstairpollution.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)應(yīng)用文（滿分15分）46.假定你是李華，收到美國筆友Mark的一封電子郵件，他知道孔子學(xué)院（ConfuciusInstitute）是根據(jù)孔子命名的，很想對孔子有進(jìn)一步的了解。請你寫一封郵件回復(fù)，內(nèi)容包括：1.孔子的主要思想；2.對中國文化的影響。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearMark,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua,第二節(jié)讀后續(xù)寫（滿分25分）47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Oneday,whenIwasafreshmaninhighschool,Isawakidfrommyclasswalkinghomefromschool.HisnamewasKyle.Itlookedlikehewascarryingallofhisbooks.Ithoughttomyself:WhywouldanyonebringhomeallhisbooksonFriday?Hemustreallybenerd.AsIwaswalking,Isawabunchofkidsrunningtowardhim.Theyranathim,knockingallhisbooksoutofhisarmsandtippinghimsobelandedinthedir.Hisglasseswentflying,andIsawthemlandinthegrassabouttenfeetfromhim.HelookedupandIsawthisterriblesadnessinhiseyes.So,Ijoggedovertohimandashecrawledaroundlookingforhisglasses,Isawatearinhiseye.AsIhandedhimhisglasses,hesaid,“thanks!”Therewasabigsmileonhisface.Itwasoneofthosesmilesthatshowedrealgratitude.Wetalkedallthewayhome,andIcarriedhisbooks.Heturnedouttobeaprettycoolkid.ThemoreIgottoknowKyle,themoreIlikedhim.Overnextfouryears,KyleandIbecamethebestfriends.Whenwewereseniors,behadthehighestmarksintheclassandwaschosetogiveaspeechatthegraduationceremony.Iteasedhimallthetimeaboutbeinganerd.Hehadtopreparealot,andIwassogladitwasn’tmehavingtogetupthereandspeak.Graduationday,IsawKyleandsaid.“Heybigguy,you’llbegreat!”Helookedatmewithoneofthoselooks,thereallygratefulone,andsaid“Thanks,”smiling.Asbestartedhisspeech,heclearedhisthroatandbegan.“Graduationisatimetothankthosewhohelpedyoumakeitthroughthosetoughyears.Yourparents,yourteachers,yoursiblings,maybeacoachbutmostlyyourfriends.Iamheretotellallofyouthatbeingafriendtosomeoneisthebestgiftyoucangivehimorher.Iamgoingtotellyouastory.注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好。Paragraph1:Ijustlookedatmyfriendwithdisbeliefashetoldthestoryofthefirstdaywemet.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________,______________________________________Paragraph2:Ismiledbackintears.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________海安市2022屆高三期初學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測試卷英語答案版第一部分：聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題25分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThereisabitofconfusionwhenitcomestowhethereatingwhiledrivingisallowedinAustraliaasitiskindofalegalgrayareainmoststates.Whiletherearenospecificroadrulesthatbaneatingbehindthewheel,driversmightaswellnoteatontheroadtoavoidbeingheavilyfined.NEWSOUTHWALESIfthepolicecatchyoueatingwhiledrivinginNewSouthWales,theycanbookyoufordrivingwithoutpropercontrolofthevehicle.Thiscomeswitha$448fineandthreedemeritpointsandthatrisestoa$561fineandfourdemeritpointsiftheoffenceiscommittedinaschoolzone.AUSTRALINACAPITALTERRITORYNotpullingovertoeatcanalsolandyouinhotwaterintheACT.MuchlikeNSW,driverscanbechargedwithdrivingwithoutpropercontroloftheircar,whichcomeswitha$292fine.Driverscanalsobegivena$385fineandthreedemeritpointsiftheirdistractionresultsinacrash.VICTORIAInVictoria,youcouldbeforcedtopaya$387finealongwithrackingupthreedemeritpointsif,thepolicecatchyouhavingamealontheroad.SOUTHAUSTRALIAWhilethelawinSouthAustraliadoesn’tspecificallystatethateatingwhiledrivingisillegal,theSADriver’sHandbookdoesnameeatingasacommondistraction.Drivingwithouthavingpropercontrolofthevehiclecouldcostyou$184andsixdemeritpointsinSouthAustralia.NORTHERNTERRITORYIfthepolicecatchadrivereatingontheroadintheNorthernTerritory,theymaychargehimwith“drivinginadangerousmanner”.Thismeansthedrivercouldgeta$500fineandthreedemeritpoints.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencesuggest?A.Itisnotaneasyjobtobaneatingwhiledrivinginthestate.B.Eatingbehindthewheelcancausethedriverlotsoftrouble.C.Itisimportanttoeducatedriverstobeawareofdrivingsafety.D.Itiscommonthatmanydriversinthestateeatwhiledriving.2.HowmuchwilladrivercaughteatingwhiledrivinginaschoolzoneinNSWbefined?A.$385.B.$387.C.$448.D.$561.3.Wherewilladriverbefinedmostifcaughteatingbehindthewheel?A.IntheNorthernTerritory.B.InVictoria.C.InSouthAustraliaD.IntheAustralianCapitalTerritory.答案：1.B2.D3.ABBenjaminFranklinsaidthatyouwantsomethingdone,askabusyperson.“That’showMannyAbreupractices.ThroughouthisfouryearsatKellenbergMemorialHighSchoolintheUS,Abreumadecommunityserviceanimportantpartofhislife.“Idon’tknowwherehefindsthetimetodoeverything,”saidErinRonan,Abreu’smathteacher.“He’strulyaclassact.”Asanhonorsstudent,Abreu,18,100partindifferentvoluntaryactivitiesafterschool,duringweekendsandsummerholidays.Theseincludedhelpingstaffatthepubliclibrary,doinglandscapeworkatKellenbergandservingcustomersatalocalrestaurant.Butfacedwithalimitednumberofhoursinaday,Abreulefthislibraryjoblastsummertostartworkingasanemergencymedicaltechnician-arolethatfitshispassionformakingadifferenceinotherpeople’slives.“Myappreciationforservicehasguidedmeintogivingback,”saidAbreu,whois,settinghissightsonbecomingadoctor.“It’ssucharewardingfeelingtohelpsomeone.”Duringhisyearsathighschool,Abreudevotedbetween40and50hoursofhistimeeachyeartovolunteerwork—morethandoubletheschool’sannualrequirementof20hours.Forallhishardwork,Abreuwaswelcomedintoaleadershipclubthatorganizesfellowstudents’volunteeractivities.StMartindePorresMarianistSchool(Kellenberg’ssisterschool)alsobenefitedfromAbreu’sdevotion.Throughhisschool’sSmartClubprogram,hevoluntarilyprovidedhomeworkhelpandplayedgameswiththejuniorhighschoolstudents.Abreuthankedhisparentsforinspiringhimtodotherightthing,sayingtheyare“themostselflesspeopleIknow”.Herememberedwhenhewasabout6yearsold,andhismotherinvitedadisadvantagedneighborhoodboytohavedinner.Uponobservingtheboy’shappinessAbreucameawaywithasenseofhowhewantedtolivehisownlife—“Iwon’tfocusonmyowndesires.I’llhelpasmanypeopleasIcan,”hesaid.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutMannyAbreu?A.Healwaysvolunteeredtohelpothers.B.HefollowedBenjaminFranklin’sexample.C.Hedidapooracademicperformanceinmath.D.Hefellbehindothersbecauseofafter-schoolactivities.5.ForwhatreasondidAbreuwanttoworkasamedicaltechnician?A.Becausehehadnotimetotryotherdifferentjobs.B.Becausehelackedinterestofdoinganyotherjob.C.Becausehewishedtoimprovethelivesofothers.D.Becauseheobtainedthesatisfactionofbeingpraised.6.WhatdidAbreugetfromhishardwork?A.Hewasoutstandingasaleaderathisschool.B.Itgavehimasenseofself-worthtohelpothers.C.Hegotachancetoattendmedicalschoolforfree.D.Hisfamilybecamepopularamongtheirneighbors.7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Thereisamustforeveryonetodovoluntaryjobs.B.ThesenseofachievementisAbreu’smajordesire.,C.Abreu’sparentshadapositiveeffectonhisgrowth.D.Abreu’sbehaviorimpactedthepoorneighborhoodboy.答案：4.A5.C6.B7.CCMorereasonstohatehumidity:itexpandsglobalwarming,aprofsays.AndrewDessler,aprofessorintheDepartmentofAtmosphericScienceswhospecializesinresearchonclimate,saysthatwarmingduetoincreasesingreenhousegaseswillleadtohigherhumidityintheatmosphere.Andbecausewatervaporitselfisagreenhousegas,thiswillcauseadditionalwarming.Thisprocessisknownaswatervaporfeedbackandisresponsibleforasignificantportionofthewarmingpredictedtooccuroverthenextcentury.“It’saviciouscycle-warmertemperaturesmeanhigherhumidity,whichinturnleadstoevenmorewarming,”Desslerexplains.TheperspectivebyDesslerandco-authorStevenSherwoodoftheClimateChangeResearchCentreattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesispublishedinthecurrentissueofSciencemagazine.Inthearticle,theyreviewandsummarizethepeer-reviewedevidenceinsupportofastrongwatervaporfeedbackandconcludethattheevidencesupportingitisoverwhelming.“Foryears,therewasadebateoverthismechanism,withsomeevenquestioningifthewatervaporfeedbackexistedatall.Butrecentworkonthisfeedbackhasmoveditsexistenceandstrengthbeyondargument,”Dessleradds.Predictionsofsignificantglobalwarmingoverthenext100yearsbyclimatemodelsrequireastrongwatervaporfeedback.Recentestimatessuggesttheearthwillwarmfrom2to4degreesCelsius(4to8degreesFahrenheit)overthenextcentury—ascenariothatcouldhavedevastatinglong-termconsequences.“Everythingshowsthattheclimatemodelsareprobablygettingthewatervaporfeedbacknight,whichmeansthatunlesswereduceemissions,itisgoingtogetmuch,muchwarmeronourplanetbytheendofthecentury,”headds.Manyscientistsbelievesuchwarmingratesarealreadyhappening.Theycanpointtothesummerof2003,whenaprolongedheatwavegrippedEurope.AccordingtotheEarthPolicyInstitute,morethan35,000peoplediedthatsummer,withFrancerecordingover14,000deathsandGermanymorethan7,000.Additionally,warmertemperaturesarehavinganadverseeffectintheArctic,whererapidlossoficeisnowoccurring.“Theonlypossiblewayfuturewarmingwon’tbesignificantisifthere,existssomesortofoff-settingnegativefeedback,whichhasyettobediscovered,”Desslernotes.“Mostscientists,myselfincluded,judgethattobeaprettyunlikelypossibility.”8.Whatdoeswatervaporfeedbackinthepassagemean?A.Watervaporwilllendtoasignificantportionofthewarming.B.Theincreasesofgreenhousegaseswillleadtohigherhumidity.C.Increasinghumidityfromglobalwarmingismakingtheearthwarmer.D.Higherhumidityhascausedtheearthtowarmfrom2to4degreesCelsius.9.What’sthemainideaofParagraph4?A.Scientistshadaheatedargumentoverthewatervaporfeedback.B.Theexistenceandstrengthofwatervaporfeedbackiswithoutquestion.CAndrewDesslerwroteanarticletosupporthisideaofwatervaporfeedback.D.Therewasnosignificantevidencefortheexistenceofwatervaporfeedback.10.Whatdopredictionsofsignificantglobalwarmingtellus?A.Scientistscouldfindtheoffsettingnegativefeedbackinthefuture.B.Thereexistssomesortoffsettingnegativewatervaporfeedback.C.Thewarmingoftheearthwillhavedestructiveshort-termconsequences.D.Wemaydecreasethespeedofglobalwarmingbyreducingtheemissions.11.What’stheattitudeofAndrewDesslertowardsthewayofsolvingfuturewarming?A.Positive.B.Supportive.C.Neutral.D.Pessimistic.答案：8.C9.B10.D11.DDThescientistsplacedunderwaterspeakersinareaswherecoralhadbeendyinginAustralia’snorthernGreatBarrierReef.Theyplayedcertainsoundsoveraperiodofabout6weeksandstudiedtheresults.Theteamreportedthattwiceasmanyfisharrivedinareaswherethesoundsofhealthycoralwereplayed.Amongthearrivingfishwerespeciesthatfeedonallmajorfoodsources.Theresearchersnotedtheimportanceofhavingmanydifferentkindsoffishreturntothearea.Differentspeciesoffishperformmanyactivitiesthatsupporttheoceanenvironmentandsealife.“Damagedreefshaveahigherchanceofrecoveryiftheyhavehealthyfishpopulation,”thescientistswroteinthereport.,SteveSimpsonsaidthat“healthycoralreefsareremarkablynoisyplaces.”Theycontainthesoundsofmanykindsofshrimp,fishandotherseacreatures.Youngfishlistenforthesesoundswhentheyarelookingforaplacetosettle.Headdedthatreefs“becomeghostlyquiet”whentheysufferdestructionthatisusuallyrelatedtohuman-causedpollution.Coraldamagecancauseunappealingsmellsandsoundsthatdriveshrimpandfishaway.MarkMeekanisafishbiologist.Hesaidthatthereturnofthesefishisthefirststeptoseeingmajorimprovementsinreefhealth.“Recoveryisunderpinnedbyfishthatcleanthereefandcreatespaceforcoralstoregrow,”hesaid.TimGordonsayshebelievessoundcanbeusedtobringbackdeadcoralinareassufferingmajordestructioninoceansacrosstheworld.UniversityofBristolprofessorAndyRadfordsaidtheunderwatersoundsareapromisingwaytofightcoralreefdamageatthelocalcommunitylevel.Buthenotedthatotherthreatsneedtobereducedaswell.Theseincludeclimatechange,pollutionandoverfishing.Fromlocalmanagementinnovationstointernationalpoliticalaction,weneedmeaningfulprogressatalllevelstopaintabetterfutureforreefsworldwide.12.Whydidresearchersattractfishbyplayingsoundsunderwater?A.Tostudythepopulationoffish.B.Tocatchfishasmajorfoodsources.C.Torecoverdamagedreefsnaturally.D.Torecordthesoundsofhealthycorals.13.HowdidSteveexplainthecoralreefs?A.Bypresentingtheresearchresults.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bylistingsomespecificdata.D.Bygivingsomeexamples.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“underpinned”inPara.4mean?A.Destroyed.B.Affected.C.Supported.D.Attacked.15.WhatdoesProfessorAndystress?A.Reefneedsprotectionatalllevels.B.Climatechangeismoreseriousthanreefdamage.C.Overfishingthreatensworldcoralreef.D.Pollutionneedsinternationalpoliticalaction.答案：12.C13.B14.C15.A第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）,閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。StepstowriteagoodessayIfyouaskmanypeople,theywillprobablysaythatwritingaresearchpaperischallenging.Indeed,itrequirescarefulresearch,___16___ChooseyourtopicanddotheresearchChooseatopicthatyouareinterestedinoratopicyouarecuriousabout.___17___Forhelpfulandreliableinformation,thelibraryisthebestresource.Usebooks,publishedarticles,journals,newspapersandmagazinestoresearchyourchosentopic.___18___Afterin-depthresearch,youcangoontowriteanoutline.Withallthenotesandalltheinformationyou'vegathered,determinewhereeachtopicfits.Simplynotewhichpartswillbethebeginning,middleandend.Theoutlineiswhereyourresearchpaperstartstotakeshape.WriteafirstdraftAftertheoutline,beginthefirstdraft.___19___Sopeoplecanreaditandactuallyunderstandit.Youcandomoreresearchifyoufeellikeyou'relackinginformation.Thisisonlythefirstdraft,soyoucanstillmakechangesasyougoon.ProofreadandwriteyourfinalpaperOnceyourereadyourfirstdraftoverandoverandmakethenecessarychangesyoufeelyoushouldmake,itistimetowriteyourfinaldraft.___20___Andbesurethatyourwritingmakessenseandhasasteadyandnaturalflowallthroughout.Checkthespellingandgrammaticalmistakes,andthateverysourceyouusedislistedinthepaper'sbibliography.Readthefinalversionasmanytimesasyouwantandevenaskafriendorprofessortoreadittoo.A.MakeanoutlineB.WritedownthepropernotesC.ifyouwanttowriteagoodresearchpaper.D.Makesurethatalltheimportantinformationisincluded.E.Itwillencourageyoutodothenecessaryresearchonit.F.Thisisthepartwhereyouputmoredetailandlifeintothepaper.G.butaresearchpaperreallyjustneedsafewbasictipsforittobelesschallenging.,答案：16.G17.E18.A19.F20.D第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Atinybitofkindnesscanmakeahugedifference.Afewweeksago,EhabTahawasonasubwayinVancouverwhenalargeman____21____.Heseemedangry,andhismovementswerefarfromnormal.Tahanotedallthepassengersonthetrainseemed____22____andweremovingawayfromhim.“Thelargemanwasbeing____23____onthetrain.Hewascursingand____24____,obviouslysufferingfromdrugabuseand/ormentalhealthissues,”TahadescribedonFacebook“Whileeveryonewasscared,a70-year-oldwoman,insteadof____25____,reachedouttotheman.”Thesweet____26____comfortedtheman.Eventuallyhesanktothefloorofthetrain,____27____,andtearsfloodedhiseyes.Tahacapturedanimageofthewomanandtheotherpassenger____28____handsandposteditonFacebook.“Itwasquiteincrediblebowsoonhe____29____,”TahawroteonFacebook“I’llwasbemosttouchingthingI’veeverseen.Ispoketothewomanafterhisincidentandshesimplysaid,‘I’mamotheranditwaswhathe_____30_____atthatmoment.’Andshestartedtocry.”“Shewasvery_____31_____,Tahasaid“Sheevenmentionedthatshethoughtaboutwhatwouldhappenifhe_____32_____herwiththepen—becausehehadoneinhishand—butshesaiditwasmoreimportantthathedidn’tfeel_____33_____.”Whenthemanarrivedathisstop,hegotupandsaid“Thanks,Grandma”beforegettingoff.“Isawthemostincredibledisplayofhumanitytothetrain,”Tahasaid.“It’sincredibletoseethatsometimeshuman_____34_____candosomuchmorethananythingelse.Don’tfearorjudgethe_____35_____onthesubway:Lifedoesnotprovideequalwelfareforallisresidents.”21.A.participatedB.respondedC.boardedD.escaped22.A.movedB.scaredC.embarrassedD.aroused23.A.aggressiveB.competitiveC.enthusiasticD.greedy24.A.shoutingB.ensuringC.weepingD.arguing25.A.givinginB.settingdownC.turningawayD.taking,over26.A.gestureB.coincidenceC.harmonyD.voice27.A.innocentB.delightedC.concernedD.relaxed28.A.fetchingB.holdingC.allocatingD.raising29.A.camebackB.brokeoutC.gotthroughD.calmeddown30.A.opposedB.forgotC.neededD.ignored31.A.humorousB.braveC.independentD.energetic32.A.advocatedB.addressedC.rewardedD.attacked33.A.aloneB.guiltyC.unbearableD.absurd34.A.sightB.smellC.touchD.taste35.A.residentsB.specialistsC.beggarsD.strangers答案：21.C22.B23.A24.A25.C26.A27.D28.B29.D30.C31.B32.D33.A34.C35.D第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Airpollutionisnodoubtamajorconcerninmanybigcitiesacrosstheworld.Morethan80%ofpeoplelivinginurbanareas____36____(expose)tounsafeair,accordingtoareport____37____(deliver)bytheWorldHealthOrganization.“Urbanairpollutioncontinuestoriseat____38____alarmingrate,doinggreathamtohumanhealth,”saidDr.MariaNeira,thedirectorofPublicHealthandEnvironmentalPolicyattheWHO.“Atthesametime,____39____(aware)isrisingandmorecitiesaremonitoringtheirairquality.”Inthepasttwoyears,thenumberofcitiesmonitoringairpollution____40____(double)-nowcoveringabout3,000citiesin103countries.TheWHOwarnedoftheseriouseffectspoorairqualitycouldhave____41____thehealthofurbanresidents,____42____(link)ittotheriskofstrokes,heartdisease,lungcancerandmanyotherdiseases.Thereportalsoshowedthatlow-andmiddleincomecountries____43____(general)havepoorerairquality.About98%ofcitieswith100,000ormorepeopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesdonotmeetWHOairqualityguidelines,____44____56%inhigh-incomecountriesfailtomeetthestandard.Thereportalsourgedlocalgovernmentstotakestrongerand_____45_____(effect),measurestofightagainstairpollution.答案：36.areexposed37.delivered38.an39.awareness40.hasdoubled41.on42.linking43.generally44.while45.effective第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)應(yīng)用文（滿分15分）46.假定你是李華，收到美國筆友Mark的一封電子郵件，他知道孔子學(xué)院（ConfuciusInstitute）是根據(jù)孔子命名的，很想對孔子有進(jìn)一步的了解。請你寫一封郵件回復(fù)，內(nèi)容包括：1.孔子的主要思想；2.對中國文化的影響。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearMark,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua答案：DearMark,Ihopeyouaredoingwell.HereissomethingaboutConfucius,thephilosopherafterwhomtheConfuciusInstitutesarenamed.Borninawar-tornperiod,Confuciusdevotedhimselftofindingaccesstoaharmonioussociety.Hestressedpersonalandgovernmentalmorality,justice,kindness,andsincerity.ConfuciusisalsocreditedwithhavingeditedmanyChineseclassicworks.Hisideas,aboutstrongfamilyloyalty,ancestorworship,andrespectofeldersbytheirchildrenhavealwaysbeenthecoreofChineseculture.HehasbeenhonoredasoneofthemostimportantfiguresinChineseculturalhistory.Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)讀后續(xù)寫（滿分25分）47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Oneday,whenIwasafreshmaninhighschool,Isawakidfrommyclasswalkinghomefromschool.HisnamewasKyle.Itlookedlikehewascarryingallofhisbooks.Ithoughttomyself:WhywouldanyonebringhomeallhisbooksonFriday?Hemustreallybenerd.AsIwaswalking,Isawabunchofkidsrunningtowardhim.Theyranathim,knockingallhisbooksoutofhisarmsandtippinghimsobelandedinthedir.Hisglasseswentflying,andIsawthemlandinthegrassabouttenfeetfromhim.HelookedupandIsawthisterriblesadnessinhiseyes.So,Ijoggedovertohimandashecrawledaroundlookingforhisglasses,Isawatearinhiseye.AsIhandedhimhisglasses,hesaid,“thanks!”Therewasabigsmileonhisface.Itwasoneofthosesmilesthatshowedrealgratitude.Wetalkedallthewayhome,andIcarriedhisbooks.Heturnedouttobeaprettycoolkid.ThemoreIgottoknowKyle,themoreIlikedhim.Overnextfouryears,KyleandIbecamethebestfriends.Whenwewereseniors,behadthehighestmarksintheclassandwaschosetogiveaspeechatthegraduationceremony.Iteasedhimallthetimeaboutbeinganerd.Hehadtopreparealot,andIwassogladitwasn’tmehavingtogetupthereandspeak.Graduationday,IsawKyleandsaid.“Heybigguy,you’llbegreat!”Helookedatmewithoneofthoselooks,thereallygratefulone,andsaid“Thanks,”smiling.Asbestartedhisspeech,heclearedhisthroatandbegan.“Graduationisatimetothankthosewhohelpedyoumakeitthroughthosetoughyears.Yourparents,yourteachers,yoursiblings,maybeacoachbutmostlyyourfriends.Iamheretotellallofyouthatbeingafriendtosomeoneisthebestgiftyoucangivehimorher.Iamgoingtotellyouastory.注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好。,Paragraph1:Ijustlookedatmyfriendwithdisbeliefashetoldthestoryofthefirstdaywemet.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Ismiledbackintears.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Paragraph1:Ijustlookedatmyfriendwithdisbeliefashetoldthestoryofthefirstdaywemet.Kylehadplannedtokillhimselfovertheweekend.HetalkedofhowhehadcleanedouthislockersohisMomwouldn’thavetodoitlaterandwascarryinghisstuffhome.Meanwhile,Ifoundhelookedhardatmeandgavemealittlesmile.“Thankfully,Iwassaved.Myfriendsavedmefromdoingtheunspeakable.”Iheardthegaspgothroughthecrowdasthishandsome,andpopularboytoldusallabouthisweakestmoment.Whenhiseyescaughtmine,Iwasabletoseetearsshimmeredinhissmilingeyes.Paragraph2:Ismiledbackintears.NotuntilthatmomentdidIrealizewhatbigdifferenceonesmallgesturehadmadetohim.IevensawhisMomandDadlookingatmeandsmilingthatsamegratefulsmile.Itdawnedonmethatnevershouldweunderestimatethepowerofouractions.Withonesmallgesturewecanchangeaperson’slife.Forbetterorforworse.