絕密★啟用前湖南省五市十校·2021年12月高一年級聯(lián)考試題英語本試卷共8頁。全卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。注意事項：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在本試卷和答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，如有改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案；回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatistheweatherlikenow'?A.Sunny.B.Cloudy.C.Rainy.2.Howmanysweatersdoesthewomanpickup?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Becomeasinger.B.GetNancyasingingteacher.C.ListentoNancysinging.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Pictures.B.Children.C.Animals.5.Whydoesthemanrefusetobuythedesk?A.Itistoobig.B.Itistooexpensive.C.Itdoesn'tmatchtheroom.第二節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。,6.HowdoesEdwardfeelaboutthefinalexams?A.Nervous.B.Relaxed.C.Confident.7.HowdoesEvelynfocusonstudying?A.Bystudyingafteraquickwalk.B.Bygettingenoughsleep.C.Byturningoffherphone.聽第7段材料.回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofturtles?A.Interesting.B.Exciting.C.Boring.9.Whatarethespeakersbothinterestedin?A.Visitingthetouchpool.B.Watchingthekeepersfeedingtheanimals.C.Puttingtheirhandsnexttoashark'smouth.10.Whatanimaldidthemanfeedbefore?A.Dolphin.B.Whale.C.Shark.聽第8段材料.回答第11至13題。11.Whatisthemandoing?A.Playingavideogame.B.IntroducingavideogametoHolly.C.Designingavideogame.12.Whatisthemainthingforplayersinthegame?A.Feedingtheiranimals.B.Buildingtheirhomes.C.Takingcareoftheirkids.13.Whatdoplayersgetatthebeginningofthegame?A.Atent.B.Somemoney.C.Ahouse.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Husbandandwife.C.Teacherandparent.15.WhichofthefollowingisKevin'sproblem?A.Heisnotgoodatmath.B.Heistooshy.C.Hecan'tfinishhisworkontime.16.WhatdidKevindolastweek?A.Heleftschoolwithoutadoctor'snote.B.Hecopiedhisfriend'shomework.C.Heletsomeonedohishomeworkforhim.17.Whatdoesthewomanpromisetodointheend?,A.HaveatalkwithKevin.B.CheckKevin'shomework.C.SendKevintoschoolinperson.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhendidthespeakerflytoTokyoonJanuary21st?A.At1:30p.m.B.At3:00P.M.C.At3:15p.M.19.Whydidthespeakerarrivelatetothedinner?A.Hehadtochangeaflight.B.Hemissedtheplane.C.Hegotstuckinameeting.20.Whydoesthespeakergivethistalk?A.Tosaysorrytoaclient.B.Togethisticketmoneyback.C.Tomakeanexplanation.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C、和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AStrangebuildingsHerearesomeofthestrangestbuildingsintheworld.Pleasereadaboutthemandtellusyourimpressions.StoneHouse,PortugalTheStoneHouseinPortugalisreallysimilartothefamoushomeoftheFiintstones(《摩登原始人》).Itisbuiltbetweentworocksanditsarchitecture(建筑)hasimpressedsomeofthegreatestarchitects.Thehouseisprettycomfortableinside,withafireplaceandeverythingnecessary,soitisawonderfulexampleofmodernarchitectureinStoneAgestyle!DancingBuilding,theCzechRepublicTheDancinghouse,or"FredandGinger",islocatedinPrague,theCzechRepublic.Itisanamazingmasterpieceofarchitecturewhichhasitsownromanticattraction.Thereissomethingsosweetinthewaythebuildingshugeachotherforadance!Ithasbecomeasymbolofthecity!TheCrookedHouse,PolandTheCrookedHouseinPolandhasanextraordinaryandamazingstructure.Itwasbuiltin2003withitsdesignbasedonthepicturesofJanMarcinSzancerandPerDahlberg.Itlooksasifithasbeentakenfromacartoon:Itsdesignisanythingbutstraight,yetitisstillbalanced,soitisnotuglyatall,juststrange!Theinterestingpartishowbuildersmanagedtocreatethisgeniusidea,butthe,houseisafactandeveryoneadmirestheircreativity!Habitat67,Montreal,CanadaHabitat67inCanadaisaveryinterestingarrangementofcubes,whichlookslikethebuildingblocksthatchildrenplaywith.Itisprettyinterestinghowitwasdesigned-itlookssooriginal,andatthesametimethebuildingiscompletelystableandcomfortableforliving!ItwascreatedasamainattractionforExpo(展覽會)67,whereitofficiallycametotheviewofthepublic!21.WhatisacommonfeatureoftheStoneHouseandtheDancingBuilding?A.Theybothappearverymodern.B.Theyarethesymbolsoftheirowncities.C.Theyarebothforpeopletolivein.D.Theyarebothexamplesofgreatarchitecture.22.WhatisaspecialfeatureofTheCrookedHouse?A.Itwasdesignedbytwoarchitects.B.Ithasthelongesthistoryofthefour.C.Itsconstructionlinesarenotstraight.D.Itsdesigninspirationisfromcartoons.23.Whichofthebuildingscanremindpeopleofakindoftoy?A.StoneHouse,PortugalB.DancingBuilding,theCzechRepublicC.CrookedHouse,PolandD.Habitat67,Montreal,CanadaBSidneyKeys,14-year-old,hasstartedayouth-ledbookclubprogram,withthesupportandhelpofhismom,tohelpbothhimselfandmanyotherboyswithmentalorphysicalproblemsthroughliterature."Iusedtohaveareallybadstutter(結(jié)巴)andperformbadlyinschoolandIwouldgetlaughedatforit,"SidneyKeys,thefounderofthebookclubBooksNBrossaid."ReadingwaskindofmyescapefrommystutterbecauseinmyheadIwasabletoimaginethingsandplayoutalltheeventsclearly."Hesaid,"IwantedtostartupBooksNBrossothatIcouldtalktootherpeople,especiallyboys,aboutbooksIloveinarelaxingwaybecauseit'slikebrotherhood."Thereadingclubthathestartedatjust10yearsoldnowhasover250"bros"aged7to13fromtheU.S.andCanada,mostofwhomarechangingactivelyandpositively.MarvelsHeroProject,whichdiscoverstheremarkable,positivechangeyoungmenmakeintheircommunitiesacrossthecountryandturnsthemintosuperheroes,selectedKeystobefeaturedintheDisneyseries."Ialwayswantedtoreadbooksthathadcharactersthatlookedlikeme,butnowIseeacomicbookwithmeinit,"Keyssaid."It'sunbelievablethatmyfriendsandteachersallcallmemy,superheroname."AsforthefutureofBooksNBros,Keysandhismomhopetoexpandtheprogram'sreachthroughoutthecountry."GettingBooksNBrosinschoolsacrossAmerica,wedon'twanttransportationtobeaproblemforgettingthatphysicalbrotherhoodandconnection.Itjustbenefitssomanypeople,anditkeepsmegoing,"Keysexplained.24.What’sthemainreasonforSidneyKeystobuildtheclubBooksNBros?A.Hismother'ssupport.B.Hispoorschoolperformance.C.Hisownsufferings.D.Hisdesiretotalktopeople.25.WhywasKeyschosenbyMarvel'sHeroProject?A.Becausehewascalledasuperherobypeople.B.Becausehemadeadifferencetoothers.C.Becausehewasbravetofacehisshortcomings.D.BecausehelookedlikearoleintheDisneyseries.26.HowdidKeysfeelwhenseeinghimselfinacomicbook?A.Confused.B.Curious.C.Touched.D.Proud.27.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SindneyKeys:aReal-lifeSuperheroB.BooksNBros:HometoBookLoversC.ATeenChangesHisLifeThroughReadingD.ABookClubBecomesaHitAcrossAmericaCMuchinformationcanbeclearlyconveyed,purelythroughoureyes,sotheexpression"eyesalsotalk"isoftenheard.Canyouthinkofanyexperiencethatfurtherprovesthis?Onabusyoumayquicklyglanceatastranger,butnotmakeeyecontact.Ifhesensesthatheisbeingstaredat,hemayfeeluncomfortable.Itisthesameindailylife.Ifyouarelookedatformorethannecessary,youwilllookatyourselfupanddowntoseeifthereisanythingwrongwithyou.Ifnothinggoeswrong,youwillfeelangryaboutother'sstaringatyouthatway.Eyesdospeak,right?Lookingtoolongatsomeonemayseemtoberudeandaggressive.Butthingsaredifferentwhenitcomestostaringattheoppositesex.Ifamancontinuestoglanceatawomanformorethan10seconds,hisintentionsareobvious.Thatis,hewishestomakeherunderstandthatheisadmiringher.,However,thenormaleyecontactfortwopeopleengagedinconversationisthatthespeakerwillonlylookatthelistenerfromtimetotime,inordertomakesurethatthelistenerdoespayattentiontowhattheformerisspeaking.Asforthelistener,hewill,toacertaindegree,lookcontinuouslyatthespeakertotellhimthatheisattentive.Ifaspeakerlooksatyoucontinuouslywhenspeaking,asifhetriestocontrolyou,youwillfeeluneasy.Apoorliarusuallyexposeshimselfbylookingtoolongatthevictim(受騙者),sincehebelievesthefalseideathattolookstraightintheeyeisasignofhonestcommunication.Infact,continuouseyecontactislimitedtoloversonly,whowillenjoylookingateachothertenderlyforalongtime,toshowaffectionthatwordscannotexpress.Clearly,eyecontactshouldbedoneaccordingtotherelationshipbetweentwopeopleandspecificsituation.28.Whatmayapersonusuallydoonabus?A.Stareatastrangerformorethannecessary.B.Useeyestotalktoastrangerpolitely.C.Talktoastrangerpolitelyafteraquickglance.D.Glanceatastrangerwithouteyecontact.29.Whatdoesitmeanifamanlooksatawomanforover10seconds?A.Helikeshereyes.B.Heknowsherwell.C.Headmiresher.D.Hemakescontactwithher.30.Whyisapoorliareasytobeseenthrough?A.Hethinksthatheishonest.B.Hewantstocontrolthevictim.C.Hefeelsuneasyaboutothers'eyecontact.D.Helooksstraightatthevictimfortoolongatime.31.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Eyecontactmatters.B.Eyescanspeak.C.Don'tstareatothers.D.Useyoureyecontact.DZeroGravityFlightYoumightthinktheonlywaytoexperiencetheexcitementofzerogravityistobeanastronaut.Ifthatcareerchoiceseemsalittletoofaroutforyou,there'sstillawaytogetinontheexcitementthankstoacompanyknownasZeroG.,ZeroGgivespeoplethechancetofloatinzerogravityconditionsbyusingaspeciallydesignedBoeing727aircraftandaflightexperiencethatisunlikeanyothertripyou'veexperienced.Accordingtothecompany'sofficialwebsite,thecustom-built(定制的)aircraftisbuilttodospecial"aerobaticmaneuvers"calledparabolas(拋物線).Thismovementstartsatanelevation(海拔)of24.000feet,atwhichpointthepilotslowlypullstheplaneuptoa45-degreeangleuntilitreaches32,000feet.Duringthisclimb,passengersexperiencea1.8Gpullontheirbodies,almosttwicetheamountofgravityweexperiencewhenstandingontheground.Then,likethebiggest,fastestrollercoaster(過山車)youcanimagine,thepilotpushestheplaneintothedownwardsideoftheparabolaforabout20to30seconds.Thiscreatesazero-gravityeffectintheplane,makingeverythingweightless.Whenthishappens,youcanfloataroundjustliketheastronautsdoattheInternationalSpaceStation!Thispatternisrepeatedthreetofivetimesduringaflight,allowingpassengerstoexperienceweightlessnessmanytimeswithafewbreaksinbetweentosettlebackintonormalgravityconditions.ZeroGalsogivesguestsachancetoexperiencewhatgravityfeelslikeonthemoon(one-sixthofyourweight)andonMars(one-thirdofyourweight).Theseflightticketsaren'tabargain,though.AflightwithZeroGwillcostabout$5,400plustax.ZeroGflightsaremakingtheirwaytoanumberofUScitiesincludingAtlanta,LasVegas,LosAngeles,Miami,NewYork,etc.ChecktheZeroGofficialwebsiteforafullscheduleofupcomingflightsaroundthecountrythroughNovember2020.32.WhatisspecialaboutZeroG?A.It'sacompanythatcandesignaspecialBoeing727aircraft.B.Itprovideszerogravityexperiencewithoutgoingtoouterspace.C.ItgivesguestsachancetoexperiencethelifeonthemoonandonMars.D.ItistheonlyonethatcansendpeopletotheInternationalSpaceStation.33.Accordingtothepassage,whencanpassengersexperienceweightlessness?A.Whentheplanereaches32,000feet.B.Whentheplaneclimbstheparabola.C.Whentheplanedivesdownquickly.D.Whentheplanerollslikearollercoaster.34.Whatcanbelearntfromtheunderlinedsentence"Theseflightticketsaren'tabargain"inparagraph6?A.Itisnotcheaptotaketheflight.B.Theticketsareingreatdemand.,C.Passengershavetopayspecialtaxes.D.Theflightsareenjoyinggreatpopularity.35.Whereisthistextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Areport.B.Aguidebook.C.Anewspaper.D.Anovel.第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Duringyourlifejourney,youwillfindthatitisnecessarytoletsomethingsgo,simplyforthereasonthattheyareheavy.Wouldn'tyouagree?Sotoday,Ichallengeyoutothis.Letgoofyesterday'sstories.36Instead,youwillbewhatyouchoosetobecomeatthismoment.Dropthemeaninglessburden,takeadeepbreathandstartagain.Finally,youwillknowyouareontherightwayinlifewhenyoustoplookingback,andareeagertotakethenextstep.37Inlife,youhavetocreateyourownsunshine.Happinessstartsfromtheinside.Soreadsomethingpositiveeverymorninganddosomethingpositivebeforeyougobacktosleep.Keepyourfocusonallthepositivepossibilitiesandopportunities,andyouwillfeelgreat.Feelgreat,andyouwilldogreatthings.Letgoofneedingeveryonetolikeyou.Everyonedoesn'tcarenomatterwhatyoudo.38Whattheythinkandsayisareflectionofthem,notyou.Letgooftheideathatsomepeoplearebelowyou.Evenifyouhaveworkedreallyhardtogetwhereyouareinlife,there'snosuchthingasaself-madeperson.Someonebelieved,encouraged,andhelpedyou.39Peoplewhogoaroundyoufinallymakeyouwhoyouare.Noonehasevermadethemselvesstronginthelongrunbyshowinghowsmallsomeoneelseis.Letgoofwantingtoberepaidforeverygooddeedyoudo.Don'tworrytoomuchaboutwhat'spreparedforyou.Ifyou'remakingapositivecontributiontoothers,there'salwayssomethingpreparedforyou.40Don'teverwasteit.Besomeonewhomakesadifference.A.Letgoofthefearoftheunknown.B.Youarenotwhathashappenedtoyou.C.Askabouttheirstoriesandthenlisten.D.Begratefulandbethatpersonforotherstoo.E.Letgoofseekinghappinessfromoutsideyourself.F.Youwerebornwiththeabilitytochangesomeone'slife.,G.Trynottotakethethingsthesepeoplesayaboutyouseriously.第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealwayswithyou,butdon'tunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyou,butunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlife,butonly41friendsleavefootprints.Ishallalwaysrecalltheautumnandthegirlwiththe42.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend.Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves43inthecoolwind.Insuchaseason,Ilikedwalking44intheleaves,listeningtothesoundofthem.Autumnisaharvestseason.However,lifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme45.Butoneday.thesoundofaviolin46intomyearslikeastream(小溪)flowinginthemountains.Ayounggirl,standinginthewind,was47inplayingherviolin.Ihad48seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.Absorbedinthemusic,Ididn'tknowthatIhadbeenstandingthereforsolongbutmyexistencedidnotseemto49her.EverydaysheplayedtheviolinandIwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame50.Althoughwedidn'tknoweachother,Ithoughtwewerealreadygood51.Ibelievedshealsolovedme.Oneday,whenIwaslisteningcarefully,thesoundsuddenly52.Tomysurprise,thegirlcameovertome."Youmustliketheviolin,"shesaid."Yes.Andyouplayverywell.Whydidyoustop?"Iasked.Suddenly,a(n)53expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual."Icameheretoseemygrandmother,butnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat54me,"shesaid."Infact,itwasyourplayingthatgavemeameaningfulautumn,"Ianswered."Let'sbefriends."Thegirlsmiled,andsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigureofthegirl.Sheislikeadream-soshort,sobright,likeashootingstar55somuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.41.A.reliableB.honestC.trueD.selfish,42.A.friendB.violinC.musicD.song43.A.risingB.hangingC.floatingD.showing44.A.aloneB.slowlyC.happilyD.forward45.A.excitedB.concernedC.determinedD.bored46.A.grewB.flowedC.brokeD.ran47.A.interestedB.activeC.lostD.busy48.A.usuallyB.frequentlyC.onceD.never49.A.troubleB.inspireC.disappointD.comfort50.A.movingB.interestingC.tiringD.effective51.A.volunteersB.playersC.teenagersD.friends52.A.stoppedB.changedC.gatheredD.counted53.A.frightenedB.awkwardC.sadD.excited54.A.affectedB.challengedC.concernedD.encouraged55.A.givingoffB.givingawayC.takingonD.takingin第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Hello,everyone!Welcometoseniorhighschool!Congratulationsonthestartofanewchallengingjourneythatyouareallmeant56(travel).I'mhonoredtodeliveraspeechonhowtogrowintoawell-roundedindividual.Tobeginwith,Ican'twaittodescribetoyou57seniorschoollifeislike.Thoughthepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldwherechallengeslie,you'recertaintodiscoveryourpotentialandtakecreativeapproachestorisingtothem.Doyoufeelthatyoujustcan'tseeeyetoeyewithyourparentsonanythingathome?Youfeelreadytomakedecisions58(independent).Meanwhile,yourparentswon'tletyougo,59(ignore)yourfeelings.Whatyouneedtodoisexplainyouractionsandfeelingscalmly,listencarefullyandaddresstheirconcerns.Italso60(count)howtomanageyoursparetime.Rememberhoweverbusyyouare,makeitaroutinetoexerciseregularly,whichhelpsto61(strong)yourbody.When62greatpressure,sparesometimetowatchafilmtorelaxyourself.Forexample,TheKing'sSpeech,starringColinFirthasKingGeorgeVI,is63goodoption.,Additionally,takeadvantageofyouracquiredknowledgetomake64(contribute)toyourcommunityifpossible.Despitechallengesahead,thegoodnewsisthateverythingwillturnallrightintheend.Hopefully,thetipsabovewillbe65(benefit)toyou.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)你的筆友David近來很苦惱。因為父母工作調(diào)動，他不得不轉(zhuǎn)到新的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。內(nèi)向的他擔(dān)心不能很快融入新的集體。請你給他寫信提供一些合理的建議。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearDavid,Iamsorrytohearthatyouareconcernedaboutfittinginanewschool.Yourstruly,LiHua第二節(jié)(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Lucaswasgettingcoldsittingoutinhisbackyardinthesnow.Lucasdidn'twearboots;orrather,hedidn'townany.Thethinsneakersheworehadafewholesinthemandtheydidapoorjobofkeepingoutthecold.Lucashadbeeninhisbackyardforaboutanhouralready.Hetriedhard,buthecouldnotcomeupwithanideaforhismother'sChristmasgift.Heshookhisheadashethought,"Thisisuseless.EvenifIdocomeupwithanidea,Idon'thaveanymoneyforagift."Wipingtearsfromhiseyes,Lucasstartedwalkingdowntothestreetwheretheshopswere.Itwasn'teasybeingsixwithoutafather,particularlywhenheneededamantotalkto.Lucaswalkedfromshoptoshop,lookingintoeachdecoratedwindow.Everythingseemedsobeautifulbutsooutofreach.ItwasstartingtogetdarkandLucasunwillinglyturnedtowalkhome,whensuddenlyhiseyescaughttheglimmer(激光)ofthesettingsun'sraysreflectingonsomethingontheroadside.Hereacheddownanddiscoveredashinydime(一角硬幣).NeverbeforehadanyonefeltaswealthyasLucasdidatthatmoment.Asheheldhisnewly-foundtreasure,warmthspreadthroughouthisentirebodyandhewalkedintothefirststore.Hisexcitementquicklyturnedcoldwhensalespersontoldhimthathecouldnotbuyanythingwithonlyadime.Hesawaflowershopandwentinsidetowaitinline.Whentheshopowneraskedifhecouldhelphim,Lucaspresentedthedimeandaskedifhecouldbuyoneflowerforhismother'sChristmasgift.TheshopownerlookedatLucasandhisonedimeoffering.ThenheputhishandonLucas'sshoulder,saying,"YoujustwaithereandI'llseewhatIcandoforyou."ThesoundofthedoorclosingasthelastcustomerleftpulledLucasbacktoreality.Allaloneintheshop,hebegantofeelaloneandafraid.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Atlast,theshopownercameouttothecounter(柜臺).Withthebunchofrosesinhishands,Lucaswalkedoutofthedoorandthenran.,,,,